Wrap-around Simulator
Construction
The WAS consists of a 360-degree dome installed in early 1995. The dome was built on site at the Human Factors Research Laboratory under Section 12 on the west end of Mariucci Arena. The dome is 12.5 feet at the peak and has 15.5 feet internal diameter. The dome's interior walls are custom-molded fiberglass. A track located in the ceiling provides a mounting point for projectors and cable connections. A section of the rear wall can be opened, allowing vehicles to be moved in and out of the dome.
Vehicle hardware
The simulator is based on a full-size Acura RS. The car was donated by Honda to the lab. The transmission and engine were removed and donated to a local technical college. The car's gas and brake pedals are connected to potentiometers to determine position. The car's steering wheel are connected to an electronic motor to provide force feedback. These controls are connected to a PC using a National Instruments AT-MIO-16E-10 data card.
Audio
The car is fitted with a Cerwin-Vega satellite/subwoofer speaker system to provide engine/road noise in addition to other environmental sounds. The car also two Aura Bass Shakers bolted to the frame under the front seats. These powerful subwoofers provide a vibration effect similar to the engine. The audio system is powered by a Sony STR-D365 stereo receiver.
Projection system
The simulator uses three Proxima 9250+ projectors to provide a 180-degree forward view. The projectors have a 1024x768 resolution. The forward screen is a seamless 24-foot Da-Lite screen. A 60-degree rear view is projected using a single Electrohome ECP-3100 at a resolution of 640x480.
Computer hardware
All vehicle hardware in connected to a PC running Linux. This PC communicates using TCP/IP with an SGI Onyx. The Onyx calculates vehicle dynamics, draws the scene, and processes audio.
Simulation software
The simulation software is written by HFRL staff in C/C++. The software uses the MultiGen-Paradigm Vega and SGI Performer APIs. The lab creates custom 3D roadway models for the simulations.
Construction timeline
- February 1995 - Dome for wrap-around simulator constructed
- June 1995 - Acura RS installed into dome
- March 1998 - MultiGen-Paradigm Vega first used in simulation software, previously all software was written solely using SGI Performer
- February 2000 - Three new Proxima 9250+ projectors installed to replace aging Electrohome ECP-3100 projectors
- May 2000 - Data collection and vehicle interface software re-written from Microsoft Visual C++ into ANSI C under Linux
- June 2, 2000 - New 24-foot screen installed for forward view to eliminate problems due to projecting directly onto dome walls
