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Appendix B. Participation and Accommodation Guidelines by State

Table B.1: Additional Testing Options

State

Selective Participation

Combination Participation

Out-of-Level Assessments

Locally Selected Assessments

Testing with Modifications or Non-standard Accommodations

Testing using Unique Aggregated Accommodations

Regular States

Alabama

 

 

 

 

Y*

 

Alaska

 

Y*

 

 

Y*

 

Arizona

 

 

 

 

Y*

 

Arkansas

 

 

 

 

 

 

California

 

 

 

 

Y*

 

Colorado

 

Y*

 

 

Y*

 

Connecticut

Y*

 

 

 

 

 

Delaware

Y*

Y*

 

 

Y*

 

Florida

 

Y*

 

 

 

 

Georgia

 

 

 

 

 

Y*

Hawaii

 

 

 

 

 

 

Idaho

 

Y*

 

 

 

 

Illinois

 

 

 

 

 

 

Indiana

 

Y*

 

 

 

 

Iowa

 

Y*

Y

 

 

 

Kansas

 

Y*

 

 

Y*

 

Kentucky

 

 

 

 

Y

 

Louisiana

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maine

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maryland

 

 

 

 

 

 

Massachusetts

 

Y*

 

 

 

Y*

Michigan

 

Y*

 

 

Y*

 

Minnesota

 

Y

 

 

Y*

 

Mississippi

 

Y*

 

 

 

 

Missouri

 

 

 

 

Y

 

Montana

 

Y*

 

 

Y*

 

Nebraska

 

Y*

Y

 

Y*

 

Nevada

 

 

 

 

Y*

 

New Hampshire

 

 

 

 

Y*

 

New Jersey

 

Y*

 

 

 

 

New Mexico

 

 

 

 

Y*

 

New York

 

 

 

 

 

 

North Carolina

 

Y

 

 

 

 

North Dakota

 

Y*

 

 

 

 

Ohio

 

 

 

 

 

 

Oklahoma

 

 

 

 

 

 

Oregon

 

Y

 

 

Y

 

Pennsylvania

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rhode Island

 

 

 

 

Y

 

South Carolina

 

Y*

 

 

Y*

 

South Dakota

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tennessee

 

 

Y

 

 

 

Texas

 

Y

 

Y*

 

 

Utah

 

 

 

 

Y*

 

Vermont

 

 

Y*

Y*

Y*

 

Virginia

Y*

Y

 

 

Y*

 

Washington

 

Y*

Y*

 

 

 

West Virginia

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wisconsin

 

Y*

 

Y*

 

 

Wyoming

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

3

23

5

3

22

2

Unique States

American  Samoa

 

 

Y*

 

Y*

 

Bureau of Indian Education

 

 

 

 

 

 

District of  Columbia

 

 

 

 

Y

 

Guam

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marshall Islands

 

 

 

 

 

 

Micronesia

 

 

 

 

 

 

Northern  Mariana Islands

 

 

 

 

 

 

Palau

Y*

 

 

 

 

 

Puerto Rico

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Virgin  Islands

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

1

0

1

0

2

0

* See Table B.2 for specifications of additional testing options.

 

Table B.2: Specifications of Additional Testing Options

Alabama

Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations - Some accommodations are listed as non-standard and result in only raw scores being reported.

Alaska

Combination Participation - An eligible disabled student may meet state requirements for passing the Modified High School Graduation Qualifying Examination (Modified HSGQE) using any combination of testing under standard conditions, testing with the use of accommodations, or passing an approved alternative assessment (Modified HSGQE or Nonstandardized HSGQE).
Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations
- HSGQE.

Arizona

Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations - Scores of assessments taken with alternate accommodations will not be included in aggregate results at the school, district, and state level on the paper reports provided by the testing contractor. Only students with IEP’s may be given alternate accommodations.

California

Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations - California policy differentiates between test variations, accommodations, modifications, and adaptations. Test variations are available to all students if regularly used in the classroom. Accommodations are available to students with an IEP or 504 Plan. Modifications fundamentally alter what the exam measures or affect the comparability of exam scores and are available to students with an IEP or 504 Plan. Adaptations are only available to students taking the alternate assessment.

Colorado

Combination Participation - Accommodations are content-area specific therefore, only those accommodations the student requires for the specific content area being assessed may be selected. When two or more content areas are being assessed, such as reading, writing and math, the student may take the general math Colorado Student Assessment Program (CSAP) and the reading and writing Colorado Student Assessment Program Alternate (CSAPA).The reading and writings assessments cannot be separated.
Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations
- Non-approved accommodations/modifications result in the student being assigned a "no score" for the purposes of state, district, and school reports.

Connecticut

Selective Participation - The Planning and Placement Team (PPT) may determine that a child will not participate in a particular district wide assessment of student achievement (or part of such an assessment).

Delaware

Selective Participation - Students who are dually eligible as students with disabilities and English language learners may be granted an exemption from all or part of the science and social studies assessments if and only if both of the following criteria are met: 1.The student has been enrolled in Delaware public schools for less than one year. 2.The decision to exempt is made on an individual basis weighing the factors outlined in the inclusion guidelines.
Combination Participation - Students with Disabilities and ELL students in grades 2-11 will participate in the Delaware Student Testing Program (DSTP) unless included in the Delaware Alternate Portfolio Assessment (DAPA) and/or in an alternate assessment to the DSTP reading and writing tests.
Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations
- Testing condition 3: students may test with accommodations that change the construct being assessed. Such accommodations interfere with the comparability of student scores to the scores of students testing under standard conditions.

Florida

Combination Participation - Students may need certain accommodations on some subtests, but not on others. For example, a student may need extra time and testing in a small group situation to complete extended response questions, but can take a test with multiple-choice questions without accommodations.

Georgia

Testing using unique aggregated accommodations - Conditional and non-standard accommodations are more expansive accommodations that should be used sparingly but do not affect the reporting of scores.

Idaho

Combination Participation - If the IEP team determines that the student meets the criteria for participation in the alternate assessment and he/she is working on content standards within the general education curriculum, the student may participate in relevant portions of the regular assessments and participate in appropriate areas in the alternate assessment.

Indiana

Combination Participation - It may be determined by a case conference committee that a student would benefit from participation in both the Indiana Statewide Testing for Educational Progress-Plus (ISTEP+) and the Indiana Standard Tool for Alternate Reporting (ISTAR). In this case, ISTAR is considered a supplemental assessment to ISTEP+, not an alternate to ISTEP+.

Iowa

Combination Participation - In some instances, it may be decided that a student should participate in general assessment in one content area, but alternate in the other two.

Kansas

Combination Participation - A student may participate in any combination of the state assessments with the exception of the state alternate assessment.
Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations - Some students may be eligible for the Kansas Assessment of Modified Measures (KAMM). A modification is a change in the procedure for test administration, which will in some way change what is being measured. The use of modifications results in an invalid score and the student is considered to be not tested when calculating the participation rate for AYP purposes. The student’s score will also not be included when calculating the proficiency rate for AYP decisions.

Massachusetts

Combination Participation - A separate decision must be made for each subject scheduled for testing, a student may take the standard test in one subject and the alternate assessment in another.
Testing using unique aggregated accommodations
- A non-standard accommodation is defined as an accommodation which changes the way a Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS) test is presented or the way a student responds to test questions which may alter a portion of what the test is intended to measure. Performance level results for students with disabilities-whether they take the standard tests with standard or nonstandard accommodations, or without accommodations, or participate through the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System-Alternate Assessment (MCAS-Alt), are aggregated in MCAS reports with the results for students who took the tests without accommodations. Scaled scores for tests taken with either standard or nonstandard accommodations are also aggregated in MCAS reports with scores of tests taken without accommodations.

Michigan

Combination Participation - Participation with accommodations or in the alternate assessment is determined content area by content area.
Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations
- Non-standard accommodations change the construct that the assessment is measuring rendering scores that are not valid. Use of nonstandard accommodations may adversely affect a student’s eligibility to earn a MI Merit Award scholarship; in addition, students who use nonstandard assessment accommodations will not count as being assessed for the calculation of the NCLB participation rates for both the school and district.

Minnesota

Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations - Modifications are available for students taking a basic skills test (i.e. for students who entered grade 8 prior to 2005-2006). Modifications change the meaning of the test score. No modifications are available for the Minnesota Comprehensive Assessments-Series II (MCA-II) or other accountability tests.

Mississippi

Combination Participation - Students may need accommodations when testing in one content area but may not need them when testing in another content area.

Montana

Combination Participation - It is permissible for a student with disabilities to take the Criterion-Referenced Test-Alternate (CRT-Alternate) in one but not both subject areas.
Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations
- On the CRT, non-standard accommodations change what the test was intended to measure. The score achieved on the test taken with a non-standard accommodation would be reported in the ‘novice’ performance category; the score becomes invalid; the student is considered to be a non-participant when calculating the participation rate for AYP purposes; further, the results of a test taken with a nonstandard accommodation are not included in the calculations of AYP.

Nebraska

Combination Participation - If a district uses multiple assessments, a student may participate in the general assessment on some and in the general assessment with accommodations on the others.
Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations
- Assessments with modifications must be reported at the "beginning level" of the grade in which the student is enrolled.

Nevada

Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations - Modifications affect the validity of test scores. Students using modifications will be placed in the lowest achievement category for that test and will not be counted for participation.

New Hampshire

Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations - Use of an accommodation in the "Modifications (F)" section will invalidate the session(s) in which it was used and no credit will be given.

New Jersey

Combination Participation - Students with disabilities shall participate in the Alternate Proficiency in each content area where the nature of the student’s disability is so severe that the student is not receiving instruction in any of the knowledge and skills measured by the general Statewide assessment and the student cannot complete any of the types of questions on the assessment in the content area(s) even with accommodations and modifications.

New Mexico

Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations - Assessments taken using a non-allowed modification will be invalidated; the student will be counted as a non-participant in the determination of the school’s participation rate and as a "no score" in the school’s performance results.

North Dakota

Combination Participation - A student may participate in the North Dakota state assessment for one content area, and in the North Dakota alternate assessment for the other content area(s).

South Carolina

Combination Participation - Students may take one subject test with accommodations and another without depending on the student’s needs. Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations - A modification alters the construct that a test measures and changes the meaning of the test scores.

Texas

Locally Selected Assessments - The school district and Admission, review, and dismissal (ARD) committee determine a Locally Determined Alternate Assessment for students who are receiving an alternate Texas Assessments of Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) curriculum.

Utah

Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations - Modifications are changes in the test or assessment conditions that fundamentally alter the test score interpretation and comparability. Providing a student with a modification during a state accountability assessment constitutes a test irregularity because it invalidates the student’s test score. Test scores from a modified test administration will not be counted toward percent proficient for determining AYP, nor will they count as participation in a statewide assessment.

Vermont

Out-of-Level Assessments - The adapted assessment option is based on out-of-level administrations of the general statewide assessments.
Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations - IEP teams do have the authority to use unapproved accommodations on the assessment for a student. However, these tests will be considered non-comparable to the general assessment and scored as invalid in the school accountability index.
Locally Selected Assessments - The student’s team may select modified assessments or prepare a portfolio of work samples that will be submitted to the Department’s Alternate Assessment Program for review and scoring. A student’s support team can also select two content areas from the Lifeskills Portfolio format to assess using the portfolio method.

Virginia

Selective Participation - Students participating in the Virginia Alternate Assessment Program (VAAP) may fulfill federal participation requirements by submitting collections of evidence for the content areas of only math and reading.
Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations
- A student who has passed a Standards of learning assessment utilizing any accommodation, including a non-standard accommodation, has passed for all purposes, including earning verified credit.

Washington

Combination Participation - The IEP team should take many factors into consideration when choosing the most appropriate assessment option in each content area.
Out-of-Level Assessments
- The Developmentally Appropriate Washington Assessment of Student Learning (WASL DAW), allows students to take the WASL at a grade level that best matches their abilities. The IEP team will select the grade level WASL that most closely matches the student’s current developmental/instructional level.

Wisconsin

Combination Participation - Separate decisions regarding the need for accommodations or alternate assessment must be made for each content domain included in the Wisconsin Student Assessment System (WSAS) regular assessments.
Locally Selected Assessments
- The department’s policy on alternate assessment also encourages educators to use data collected for determining a student’s present level of educational performance as the student’s alternate assessment. This policy enables students with disabilities to have their performance measured using methods (classroom-based tests, teacher observations, etc.) most-closely aligned with the objectives identified in the student’s IEP.

American Samoa

Out-of-Level Assessments - If the student can take the SAT but is very low in performance, it may be useful to change the content of the test by administering an earlier grade level. Normative scores are not valid for any of these modified administration formats.
Testing with modifications or non-standard accommodations - Normative scores are not valid for any of these modified administration formats.

Palau

Selective Participation - Even though a student may not be able to take all parts of the Palau Achievement Test, the student should be included in those parts in which participation is possible.

 

 

Table B.3: Circumstances in Which Students Are Not Included in any Form of Statewide Assessment

State

Exclusion Prohibited

Parent Exemption

Emotional Distress

Medical Condition/Illness

Student Refusal

Disruptive Behavior

Absence

Regular States

Alabama

Y*

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alaska^

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arizona

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arkansas

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

California

 

Y*

 

Y*

 

 

 

Colorado^

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Connecticut

 

 

 

Y

 

 

 

Delaware

 

 

 

Y

 

 

 

Florida

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Georgia

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hawaii^

 

Y

 

Y

 

 

 

Idaho

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Illinois

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Indiana

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Iowa

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kansas

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kentucky

 

 

Y

Y

 

 

 

Louisiana

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maine

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maryland^

 

 

Y

Y

 

 

 

Massachusetts

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Michigan

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Minnesota

 

Y

 

Y

Y

 

 

Mississippi

 

 

 

Y

 

 

 

Missouri

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Montana

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nebraska

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nevada

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

New Hampshire

 

 

 

Y

 

 

 

New Jersey

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

New Mexico^

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

New York

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

North Carolina

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

North Dakota

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ohio

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Oklahoma

 

 

 

Y

 

 

 

Oregon

 

Y

 

 

 

 

 

Pennsylvania

 

Y*

 

 

 

 

 

Rhode Island

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

South Carolina^

 

 

 

Y

 

 

 

South Dakota

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tennessee

 

 

 

Y

 

 

 

Texas^

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Utah^

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vermont^

 

 

 

Y

 

 

 

Virginia

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Washington

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

West Virginia

 

 

 

Y

 

 

 

Wisconsin^

 

Y

Y

 

 

 

Y

Wyoming

 

 

 

Y

 

 

 

Total

27

6

3

15

1

0

1

Unique States

American Samoa

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bureau of Indian Education

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

District of Columbia

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Guam

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marshall Islands^

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Micronesia^

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Northern Mariana Islands

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Palau^

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Puerto Rico

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Virgin Islands

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

5

0

0

0

0

0

0

* See Table B. 4 for specifications of circumstances in which students are not included in any form of statewide assessment.

^ See Table B.4 for descriptions of other circumstances in which students are not included in any form of statewide assessment.

 

Table B.4: Specifications and Descriptions of "Other" Circumstances in Which Students Are Not Included in any Form of Statewide Assessment

Alabama

Exclusion Prohibited - No students are exempted from state assessments based on demographics, instructional program, or type of school.

Alaska

Other - A student who has arrived late to the system or experienced a sudden and traumatic event close in time to the student’s final test may be eligible for a waiver [from the High School Graduation Qualification Examination (HSGQE) requirement].

California

Parent Exemption - Allowed on Standardized Testing and Reporting (STAR) only.
Medical Condition/Illness - Allowed on STAR and California High School Exit Exam (CAHSEE).

Colorado

Other- Foreign exchange students; Students who are incarcerated in the Department of Corrections.

Hawaii

Other- A student who is receiving services at an out-of-state residential program; A student who meets the requirements of Regulation 4140 and withdraws from the school system before the first day of the official testing window; A student who is dismissed from school.

Maryland

Other - The student has demonstrated by past performance that he/she cannot function in a testing situation; Students attaining senior status subsequent to the opening of school in the 2003-2004 school year are no longer required to take and pass the MD Functional tests.

New Mexico

Other - Foreign exchange students.

Pennsylvania

Parent Exemption - A student may be excused from the assessment if a parent believes the test conflicts with religious beliefs.

South Carolina

Other - Expelled students (unless the student has an IEP).

Texas

Other - Certain immigrant ELL students may qualify for a LEP exemption from Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS), TAKS-I, or State-Developed Alternative Assessment (SDAA II) during their first three years of enrollment in U.S. schools if necessary. ELL students can be exempt from the Texas English Language Proficiency Assessment System (TELPAS) if their reading instruction is below the level of reading simple words and sentences. An ELL student may also be exempt from the Texas Observation Protocols (TOP) on the basis of his/her disability.

Utah

Other - ELL students enrolled on or after April 15th of the current school year and who are new to the United States (first year of enrollment in any U.S. school) are exempt from all state tests.

Vermont

Other - Students who are experiencing a family emergency or student crisis; Students who enroll in the school after the testing window; Students who are expelled or suspended for the entire test administration window.

Wisconsin

Other - Unspecified reasons for not completing the test.

Marshall Islands

Other - Students with disabilities convicted as adults under RMI law and incarcerated in adult prisons.

Micronesia

Other - Students with disabilities convicted as adults under FSM law and incarcerated in adult prisons.

Palau

Other - Students with disabilities convicted as adults under Palau law and incarcerated in adult prisons.

 

 

Table B.5: Participation Policy Variables That Can Be Used to Make Decisions About How Students with Disabilities Participate in Statewide Assessment

State

IEP Deter-mined

Nature or Category of Disability

Instructional Relevance/ Instruction Goals

Past Perfor-mance

Non-pursuit of a Standard Diploma

Degree of Adap-tations Needed

Content/ Purpose/ Nature of Assessment

Current Performance/ Level of Functioning

Level of Indepen-dence

Student Needs and Charac-teristics

Regular States

Alabama

Y

Y

Y

 

 

 

Y

 

 

 

Alaska

Y

 

Y

 

Y

Y

 

Y

Y*

 

Arizona

Y

Y

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

Y*

 

Arkansas

Y

 

Y*

Y

 

 

 

Y

Y*

Y

California

Y

 

Y*

 

 

 

 

Y

Y*

 

Colorado

Y

Y

Y

Y

 

Y

 

 

 

 

Connecticut

Y

 

Y

 

 

 

 

 

Y*

Y

Delaware

Y

Y

Y*

 

 

 

 

 

Y*

 

Florida

Y

 

Y

Y

 

 

 

Y

Y*

 

Georgia

Y

Y

Y

 

Y

Y

Y

 

 

 

Hawaii

Y

Y

Y

 

 

 

 

 

Y*

 

Idaho

Y

 

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

Y*

 

Illinois

Y

 

Y

 

 

 

 

 

Y*

 

Indiana

Y

Y

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

Y

Y

Iowa

Y

 

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

Y*

Y

Kansas

Y

Y

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

Y*

 

Kentucky

Y

Y

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Louisiana

Y

 

Y

Y*

 

 

 

Y

Y

 

Maine

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maryland

Y

 

Y

 

 

 

 

 

Y*

 

Massachusetts

Y

Y

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

Y*

 

Michigan

Y

 

Y

 

 

 

 

 

Y

 

Minnesota

Y

 

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

Y

 

Mississippi

Y

Y

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

Y

 

Missouri

Y

Y

Y

 

 

 

Y

Y*

 

 

Montana

Y

 

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

Y*

 

Nebraska

Y

 

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

Y*

 

Nevada

Y

 

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

Y*

 

New Hampshire

Y

 

 

Y

 

 

 

Y

Y

 

New Jersey

Y

Y

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

 

 

New Mexico

Y

 

 

Y

 

 

Y

Y

Y*

Y

New York

Y

Y

 

 

 

 

 

Y

Y

 

North Carolina

Y

Y

Y

 

 

 

Y

Y

Y

Y

North Dakota

Y

 

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

Y

 

Ohio

Y

Y

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

 

 

Oklahoma

Y

 

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

Y*

 

Oregon^

Y

Y

Y

Y

 

 

 

Y

Y

Y*

Pennsylvania

Y

Y

Y

 

 

Y

 

 

 

 

Rhode Island

Y

Y

Y

 

 

 

 

 

Y*

 

South Carolina

Y

Y

Y

Y*

 

 

 

Y

Y*

Y

South Dakota

Y

 

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

Y*

 

Tennessee

Y

 

 

Y

Y

 

 

Y

Y*

Y

Texas

Y

 

Y

Y*

 

 

 

Y

 

 

Utah

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Y

Y*

 

Vermont^

Y

 

Y

Y*

 

Y*

Y

Y

 

 

Virginia

Y

Y

Y

 

Y

 

Y

 

Y*

 

Washington

Y

 

Y

Y

Y

 

 

Y

 

 

West Virginia

Y

 

Y

Y

Y

 

 

Y

 

 

Wisconsin

Y

Y

Y

 

 

 

Y

Y

Y*

 

Wyoming

Y

 

Y

 

 

 

 

Y

 

Y

Total

50

22

44

13

6

5

8

36

36

10

Unique States

American  Samoa

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bureau of  Indian Education

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

District of  Columbia

Y

Y

Y

 

 

Y

 

Y

Y

Y

Guam

Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

Y

Y

 

Marshall Islands