Self-Esteem
Baize, Sheila J. (1991). Student-athletes, academic achievement and self-esteem. Dissertation Abstracts International, 51(8-A), 2699.
Dykens, Elisabeth M; Rosner, Beth A; Butterbaugh, Grant. (1998). Exercise and sports in children and adolescents with developmental disabilities: Positive physical and psychosocial effects. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 7(4), 757-771.
AB: This article reviews findings on the effects of exercise and sports in children and adolescents with developmental disabilities. Although much work remains, exercise and sports are associated with reduced maladaptive behavior in children with disabilities, as well as with improved physical fitness, self-esteem, and social competence. Improved physical and psychosocial functioning are found in studies of both children and adults with mental retardation, as well as in research on athletes enrolled in Special Olympics International, the largest recreational sport program in the world for persons with developmental disabilities. The review ends with recommendations for promoting recreation and sports in children and adolescents with disabilities.
Haney, C.J., Long, B.C. (1995). Coping effectiveness: a path analysis of self-efficacy, control, coping, and performance in sport competitions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25 (Oct. 1), 1726-1746.
AB:We examined a model of coping effectiveness based on Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) stress and coping theory and Bandura's (1986) social cognitive theory. Female athletes (n = 178) aged 16 to 28 were studied over two rounds of a sport event. Path analysis (LISREL VI) revealed that higher levels of self-efficacy and control appraisals were associated with better performance. As expected, performance and performance satisfaction in Round 1 influenced appraisals and coping during the second performance. In addition, control appraisal was associated with disengagement coping, and both engagement and disengagement coping were related to performance and performance satisfaction. Self-efficacy mediated the performance/control relationship for Round 1, but not the performance satisfaction relationship.
Kamal, A. Fouad; Blais, Christine; McCarrey, Michael; Laramee, Donna. (1992). Informational feedback and self-esteem among male and female athletes. Psychological Reports, Vol 70(3, Pt 1), 955-960.
AB: Compared the self-esteem of male and female competitive athletes after each was provided either positive or negative (verbal) informational feedback on a nonathletic task, a series of single-solution anagrams. 50 men and 50 women (aged 18-25 yrs) were tested on The Semantic Differential to estimate athletes' self-esteem before and after receiving the informational feedback. Overall, female athletes responded more strongly to both feedback conditions, with both groups being more influenced by negative rather than by positive feedback.
Kerr, Gretchen A, Goss, Judy D. (1997). Personal control in elite gymnasts: The relationships between locus ofcontrol, self-esteem, and trait anxiety. Journal of Sport Behavior. 20(1), 69-82.
AB: Assessed the locus of control of young, elite, female gymnasts (30 11-17 yr olds) and investigated possible relationships between locus of control, self-esteem, and trait anxiety. Ss were given the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Results showed that the Ss reported higher external locus of control and lower self-esteem scores than the published age- and gender-appropriate norms while the trait anxiety scores did not differ significantly from the norms. There was a significant negative relationship between locus of control and self-esteem, and a significant inverse relationship between self-esteem and trait anxiety. Conversely, a significant positive relationship was found between locus of control and trait anxiety. Implications are made for enhancing the sense of personal control of these young female athletes within the context of high performance sport. ((c) 1998 APA/PsycINFO, all rights reserved)
Key Phrase Identifiers relationships between locus of control & self-esteem & trait anxiety, 11-17 yr. old elite female gymnasts.
O'Donoghue, Raphael K. (1990). A causal analysis of the interrelationship among physical fitness, body esteem, perception of fitness and self-concept for female participants of noncompetitive sport. Dissertation Abstracts International, 50(8-A), 2424-2425.
Orgell, Susan Whitney. (1994). A self-esteem intervention with female adolescent athletes. Dissertation Abstracts International, 53(9-A), 3151.
Taylor, Donald L. (1996). A comparison of college athletic participants and nonparticipants on self-esteem. Journal of College Student Development, 36(5), 444-451.
AB: Determined whether participating in intercollegiate athletics enhanced self-esteem in 230 athletic participant and 421 nonparticipant college students. A survey was conducted consisting of 4 parts: (1) demographic and background questions; (2) Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale statements interspersed with statements about the quality of contact with faculty members and athletic coaches; (3) academic information, family income and quantity of contact with faculty members and athletic coaches; and (4) quality of athletic experience and perceptions of the status and prestige of the sport. College attendance was found to have a positive effect on Ss' self-esteem, but the effect only became significant in the senior year for athletic participants. College athletic participation appeared to be one of a number of college experiences that cumulatively contributed to increases in self-esteem.
Taylor, Donald L. (1994). The effects of intercollegiate athletic participation on self-esteem. Dissertation Abstracts International, 53(8-A), 2710.
AB: Compared the self-esteem of male and female competitive athletes after each was provided either positive or negative (verbal) informational feedback on a nonathletic task, a series of single-solution anagrams. 50 men and 50 women (aged 18-25 yrs) were tested on The Semantic Differential to estimate athletes' self-esteem before and after receiving the informational feedback. Overall, female athletes responded more strongly to both feedback conditions, with both groups being more influenced by negative rather than by positive feedback.
Wasley, David; Lox, Curt L. (1998). Self-esteem and coping responses of athletes with acute versus chronic injuries. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 86(3, Pt 2), 1402.
AB: Reports that 6 athletes with acute and 6 athletes with chronic injuries indicated differences in measures of self-esteem and coping strategies following sport-related injury. It is suggested that the type of injury may differentially affect self-esteem and coping strategies.